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Describe the coastal management strategies that are found
in Sandsend and discuss how successful these have been.
13 comments:
Anonymous
said...
there were many attempts at coastal defense at sands end and many of them were unseccuessful. some of the coastal stratergies that were implemented there were: curved sea walls, straight sea walls, groynes, rock armour, drainange systems and rip rap. some of the unsuccessful stratergies were groynes and straight sea walls. the groynes were made of wood, possibly because they were cheap to make and implement, however they were unsuccessful becasue the water would rise above them everyday and put large pressure on them causing them to break which is a negative effect of choosing the cheaper option of wooden groynes. the straight sea walls was another coastal management scheme which was not successful because rather than redirecting the wave eneergy they absorbed them which often caused them to break reguardless of how good the craftmanship on them was. also these were unsuccessful because they were not aesthetically pleasing and so were not favoured by the locals.
The coastal management strategies at Sandsend, Whitby which had been put into action were recurved walls which can be seen on the image, groynes which were found the beach, rock armour that was found along the promenade and also gabions which were found of the cliff hills of the promenade to prevent mass movement such as slumping of the land, sea walls which helped to break waves and reduce their power. In addition there were other steel reinforced cliff walls near the old Allen factory where the waves dissipated their energy as they hit the cliff and the recurved concrete at the top prevented water coming over the edge; instead it was directed back out to sea. However, some of the coastal engineer which was not very successful was the wooden beach groynes as broken easily under the force, pressure and daily thrashing of waves especially in storms. Therefore they did not have a long life and needed to be replaced frequently. This was also the problem for the recurved wall on the image because the wooden walk way above got damaged by the waves so needed to be replaced regularly however it is more sustainable than an expensive steel walkway. Overall the majority of strategies were successful apart from a couple which has helped to protect local people and business of Sandsend by reducing the rate of erosion. Rayan Patel 12RC
At Sandsend there were many types of coastal defenses that had been implemented. Some of these include groynes, rock armour, curved and straight sea walls. However many of these methods have been very unsuccessful and they havent benefited the area. An example of an unsuccessful stratergy is groynes. This is because they are wooden, they cant withstand the waves power and because of this they were damaged badly and have to be changed every single year. The waves from the sea would rise onto the groynes causing the wood to gradually wear down until they were broken completely. Another example of unsucessful stratergies are straight sea walls. They were unsuccessful because they didnt do what was planned, which was that they had to redirect the wave engery. They didnt do this and the energy was actually absorbed which caused them to brake and damage badly. This meant that money would again have to be spent on this problem and they also were unsuccessful as many of the locals didnt take to them. Alex Ahir 12RC
The result of coastal management strategies that have been implemented have been met with mixed results.
Its important to remember that coastal defence strategies only slow and delay the inevitable. The sea wins in the end!
The hold the line strategy using the concrete sea wall is seen as successful. As it protects important infastructure behind it. Although initial capital to build it was expensive, even though it has a long life span.
On the other hand the wooden groynes that have been used which have a life span of about 2 years, are battered by the north sea. This leaves them quite ineffective. ALthough the cost of wooden groynes has a significant advantage over other methods.
The coastal defences used in Sandsendhave both advantages and disadvanages but, in the end is it all worth it.
There are a range of coastal management strategies that have been put into place at Sandsend, these include mainly Hard Engineering in order to stop the erosion of the Sandsend coastline to protect industry and housing.
A strong concrete wall was built, with steel reinforced concrete, with a sloping surface, leading to a vertical head placed at the top of the wall, this wall did not work very well at all, as the cracks in the concrete were taken advantage of by the destructive waves that, through abrasion, scoured the bottom of the wall in different places causing it to collapse at one point. The wall is also shown to not be working as well as it did when it was built, this is shown by the seaweed located over the top of the wall, meaning the wall was not doing its job, protecting the sea from the area above it. The idea was for the waves to slide up the slope, hit the vertical concrete and be projected back out to sea, which only worked to a certain extent, as the wall was having to absorb much of the power.
The Scarborough Borough Council also decided to create a curved sea wall, reflecting waves back into the sea, so a wall was created with a grill effect above it, holding up the wooden pathway. This meant larger, destructive waves were able to destroy the bridge, which was rebuilt cheaply, and so the walkway was disposable saving millions of pounds. This sea wall protects Sandsend, as it is a tourist attraction, therefore it caters for itself by having a beach which attracts people to the area, this sea wall has been very effective as it may have been very expensive initially but is still standing and will do for another 20 to 30 years.
Wooden Groynes were also put into place, as a cheap way to keep the beach in place, however these have fallen to pieces, due to tidal drift and LDS, and so the beaches are able to be eroded away.
Also, the coastline has been protected by rock reinforcements (Rip Rap- large boulders of granite in this case, from Norway, that has been put into place to absorb wave power). This Rip Rap was placed on the coastline to protect the Boulder Clay banks, as there were housing on this area, and so this was a major risk for the council that needed to be sorted, and this has been successful, as the large boulders are still in place and are absorbing the power of the waves and spreading the power due to the gaps that are through each separate rock.
There has also been soft engineering coastal management used, as the Boulder Clay cliffs have been regarded in areas, and drainage systems have been put into place, this has meant the cliffs are more stable and less likely to be undercut, and the rain is more likely to just trickle off the slope. This has worked very well, as the drainage system has meant slumping is less likely to occur, and because of the Rip Rap and Sea Wall this is even more protection and so will secure the area for many years.
So there has been a range of coastal management put into place at Sandsend, and on the whole it has been successful further up the coastline, as further down the coastline the boulder clay cliffs have eroded very quickly around 30m off of the coastline that supports the housing and tourism, and so this shows that around 30m of sediment has been saved using these coastal defences, however these defences will not survive forever, this needs to be remembered, more long term plans need to be put into place for the future.
The coastal management strategies at Sandsend, Whitby which had been put into action were recurved walls which can be seen on the image, groynes which were found the beach, rock armour that was found along the promenade and also gabions which were found of the cliff hills of the promenade to prevent mass movement such as slumping of the land, sea walls which helped to break waves and reduce their power. In addition there were other steel reinforced cliff walls near the old Allen factory where the waves dissipated their energy as they hit the cliff and the recurved concrete at the top prevented water coming over the edge; instead it was directed back out to sea. However, some of the coastal engineer which was not very successful was the wooden beach groynes as broken easily under the force, pressure and daily thrashing of waves especially in storms. Therefore they did not have a long life and needed to be replaced frequently. This was also the problem for the recurved wall on the image because the wooden walk way above got damaged by the waves so needed to be replaced regularly however it is more sustainable than an expensive steel walkway. Overall the majority of strategies were successful apart from a couple which has helped to protect local people and business of Sandsend by reducing the rate of erosion. Rayan Patel 12RC
There were many different forms of coastal management in Sandsend, some more successful than others i have to say. Some of the more successful ones were strategies such as the recurved sea walls, slanted sea walls, rock armour and rip rap. Most of these were fairly successful as the mainly either absorbed or reflected the waves energy, in the cases where the waves energy was absorbed (rock armour) it was made out of granite which is an incredibly resistant rock, this means that even with constant battering by the North Sea it would take an age for them to be eroded completely. In all other cases of the strategies being successful they mainly reflected the waves energy back out to sea, like the recurved walls, these were specially designed to reflect energy and send it back out into the path of the next wave causing it to lose more energy and subsequently cause less damage. There were also some very unsuccessful coastal management strategies in Sandsend, these were things such as the wooden groynes and the straight sea walls. These were very unsuccessful for many reasons, firstly the wooden groynes, not only were they in many pieces, but they were not built well enough, yes they were built out of wood but from what we saw they seemed to be very small and thin which would not make them last very long against the power of the waves, and now they serve no purpose at all except as an eyesore to tourists and locals alike, also there was the straight sea walls, these absorbed the seas energy but they had no other form of protection infront of them, so the walkways and promenade were recieving direct attack from them, this means that they would not last very long and also that water is likely to splash over onto the walkways and this may not be greatly appreciated by people using it. So all in all there have been mixed success of the coastal management strategies implemented in Sandsend with the more key ones being unsuccessful and so this coastline may not last much longer until more investment is put into better coastal management strategies.
At sandsend there were a number of coastal management strategies present, however some were old and no longer served the purpose they were there for. For example the groynes were old and rotted and no longer prevented longshore drift to the extent that they would have originaly done. Although some were not very successful others inlcuding the sea wall were effectively put in place and protected historic buildings such as the old railway station. In addition to this there was also the wooden walkway which was not successful in the fact that it is destroyed every time there is a massive storm surge bt it is more cost effective than building an expensive walkway that could withstand such storm surges. It is cheaper to keep replacing the wooden walkway than to put one in place that will last longer.
There have been many costal management strategies at Sandsend; some have been more successful than others. They initially put in a straight sea wall, this was unsuccessful as it did not refract the energy of the wave and just caused damage to the defense itself. To stop this from happening they have now replaced the straight sea walls with curved sea walls. This reflects the wave energy back into the sea and also helps the sea wall to absorb some of the energy instead of the cliff face. The curved sea walls were more successful and will last longer. They have also used rock amour to enhance the defense of the sea walls. The large granite boulders absorb a lot of the wave energy as they hit the cliff and will increase the life of the sea walls and protect fragile areas of cliff. They have also used groynes on the beaches to prevent long shore drift and sand moving down the coastline as a beach is the best natural defense. These were unsuccessful as they are made from wood and so have worn away quickly. These will need replacing more often as the sea constantly coming in and out has rotted and decayed the wood causing it to break. By placing groynes on this area on the beach it has prevented sand moving down the beach to other areas that also need protecting so it leaves part of the coastline undefended.
At Sandsend they tried numerous strategies to help defend the coast from erosion. Groynes were built on the beach however not a lot of money was spent on these, as they were made out of wood which is the cheaper option. The groynes failed to make any real impact on the coast at Sandsend as the groynes have been attacked so much by the force of the waves. This has resulted in them breaking, and the waves crashing over them anyway. Straight seawalls is another strategy which has also failed. This is because instead of redirecting the energy from the waves, it absorbs them. This meant that the pressure applied on the seawall was greater, forcing it to break. Locals also didn't approve as much because they were not very nice looking. These strategies may have failed but Sandsend has also used other ways to try to reduce the rate of erosion such as rock armour and drainage systems.
There have been different strategies used at Sandsend, these include using wooden groynes, these have not been very successful as they were very cheap and the water raises above the groynes and therefore causes them to break easily. Other coastal management strategies have been the use of rock armour, this has been successful as it protects the buildings behind and the rock armour absorbs the wave's energy.
The coastal management strategies at Sandsend, Whitby which had been put into action were recurved walls which can be seen on the image, groynes which were found the beach, rock armour that was found along the promenade and also gabions which were found of the cliff hills of the promenade to prevent mass movement such as slumping of the land, sea walls which helped to break waves and reduce their power. In addition there were other steel reinforced cliff walls near the old Allen factory where the waves dissipated their energy as they hit the cliff and the recurved concrete at the top prevented water coming over the edge; instead it was directed back out to sea. However, some of the coastal engineer which was not very successful was the wooden beach groynes as broken easily under the force, pressure and daily thrashing of waves especially in storms. Therefore they did not have a long life and needed to be replaced frequently. This was also the problem for the recurved wall on the image because the wooden walk way above got damaged by the waves so needed to be replaced regularly however it is more sustainable than an expensive steel walkway. Overall the majority of strategies were successful apart from a couple which has helped to protect local people and business of Sandsend by reducing the rate of erosion. Rayan Patel 12RC
The coastal management strategies at Sandsend, Whitby which had been put into action were recurved walls which can be seen on the image, groynes which were found the beach, rock armour that was found along the promenade and also gabions which were found of the cliff hills of the promenade to prevent mass movement such as slumping of the land, sea walls which helped to break waves and reduce their power. In addition there were other steel reinforced cliff walls near the old Allen factory where the waves dissipated their energy as they hit the cliff and the recurved concrete at the top prevented water coming over the edge; instead it was directed back out to sea. However, some of the coastal engineer which was not very successful was the wooden beach groynes as broken easily under the force, pressure and daily thrashing of waves especially in storms. Therefore they did not have a long life and needed to be replaced frequently. This was also the problem for the recurved wall on the image because the wooden walk way above got damaged by the waves so needed to be replaced regularly however it is more sustainable than an expensive steel walkway. Overall the majority of strategies were successful apart from a couple which has helped to protect local people and business of Sandsend by reducing the rate of erosion. Rayan Patel 12RC
13 comments:
there were many attempts at coastal defense at sands end and many of them were unseccuessful. some of the coastal stratergies that were implemented there were: curved sea walls, straight sea walls, groynes, rock armour, drainange systems and rip rap. some of the unsuccessful stratergies were groynes and straight sea walls. the groynes were made of wood, possibly because they were cheap to make and implement, however they were unsuccessful becasue the water would rise above them everyday and put large pressure on them causing them to break which is a negative effect of choosing the cheaper option of wooden groynes. the straight sea walls was another coastal management scheme which was not successful because rather than redirecting the wave eneergy they absorbed them which often caused them to break reguardless of how good the craftmanship on them was. also these were unsuccessful because they were not aesthetically pleasing and so were not favoured by the locals.
Hitesh Mistry 12KK
The coastal management strategies at Sandsend, Whitby which had been put into action were recurved walls which can be seen on the image, groynes which were found the beach, rock armour that was found along the promenade and also gabions which were found of the cliff hills of the promenade to prevent mass movement such as slumping of the land, sea walls which helped to break waves and reduce their power. In addition there were other steel reinforced cliff walls near the old Allen factory where the waves dissipated their energy as they hit the cliff and the recurved concrete at the top prevented water coming over the edge; instead it was directed back out to sea. However, some of the coastal engineer which was not very successful was the wooden beach groynes as broken easily under the force, pressure and daily thrashing of waves especially in storms. Therefore they did not have a long life and needed to be replaced frequently. This was also the problem for the recurved wall on the image because the wooden walk way above got damaged by the waves so needed to be replaced regularly however it is more sustainable than an expensive steel walkway. Overall the majority of strategies were successful apart from a couple which has helped to protect local people and business of Sandsend by reducing the rate of erosion.
Rayan Patel 12RC
At Sandsend there were many types of coastal defenses that had been implemented. Some of these include groynes, rock armour, curved and straight sea walls. However many of these methods have been very unsuccessful and they havent benefited the area.
An example of an unsuccessful stratergy is groynes. This is because they are wooden, they cant withstand the waves power and because of this they were damaged badly and have to be changed every single year. The waves from the sea would rise onto the groynes causing the wood to gradually wear down until they were broken completely.
Another example of unsucessful stratergies are straight sea walls. They were unsuccessful because they didnt do what was planned, which was that they had to redirect the wave engery. They didnt do this and the energy was actually absorbed which caused them to brake and damage badly. This meant that money would again have to be spent on this problem and they also were unsuccessful as many of the locals didnt take to them.
Alex Ahir 12RC
The result of coastal management strategies that have been implemented have been met with mixed results.
Its important to remember that coastal defence strategies only slow and delay the inevitable. The sea wins in the end!
The hold the line strategy using the concrete sea wall is seen as successful. As it protects important infastructure behind it. Although initial capital to build it was expensive, even though it has a long life span.
On the other hand the wooden groynes that have been used which have a life span of about 2 years, are battered by the north sea. This leaves them quite ineffective. ALthough the cost of wooden groynes has a significant advantage over other methods.
The coastal defences used in Sandsendhave both advantages and disadvanages but, in the end is it all worth it.
Ajay Patel 12KK
There are a range of coastal management strategies that have been put into place at Sandsend, these include mainly Hard Engineering in order to stop the erosion of the Sandsend coastline to protect industry and housing.
A strong concrete wall was built, with steel reinforced concrete, with a sloping surface, leading to a vertical head placed at the top of the wall, this wall did not work very well at all, as the cracks in the concrete were taken advantage of by the destructive waves that, through abrasion, scoured the bottom of the wall in different places causing it to collapse at one point. The wall is also shown to not be working as well as it did when it was built, this is shown by the seaweed located over the top of the wall, meaning the wall was not doing its job, protecting the sea from the area above it.
The idea was for the waves to slide up the slope, hit the vertical concrete and be projected back out to sea, which only worked to a certain extent, as the wall was having to absorb much of the power.
The Scarborough Borough Council also decided to create a curved sea wall, reflecting waves back into the sea, so a wall was created with a grill effect above it, holding up the wooden pathway. This meant larger, destructive waves were able to destroy the bridge, which was rebuilt cheaply, and so the walkway was disposable saving millions of pounds.
This sea wall protects Sandsend, as it is a tourist attraction, therefore it caters for itself by having a beach which attracts people to the area, this sea wall has been very effective as it may have been very expensive initially but is still standing and will do for another 20 to 30 years.
Wooden Groynes were also put into place, as a cheap way to keep the beach in place, however these have fallen to pieces, due to tidal drift and LDS, and so the beaches are able to be eroded away.
Also, the coastline has been protected by rock reinforcements (Rip Rap- large boulders of granite in this case, from Norway, that has been put into place to absorb wave power). This Rip Rap was placed on the coastline to protect the Boulder Clay banks, as there were housing on this area, and so this was a major risk for the council that needed to be sorted, and this has been successful, as the large boulders are still in place and are absorbing the power of the waves and spreading the power due to the gaps that are through each separate rock.
There has also been soft engineering coastal management used, as the Boulder Clay cliffs have been regarded in areas, and drainage systems have been put into place, this has meant the cliffs are more stable and less likely to be undercut, and the rain is more likely to just trickle off the slope.
This has worked very well, as the drainage system has meant slumping is less likely to occur, and because of the Rip Rap and Sea Wall this is even more protection and so will secure the area for many years.
So there has been a range of coastal management put into place at Sandsend, and on the whole it has been successful further up the coastline, as further down the coastline the boulder clay cliffs have eroded very quickly around 30m off of the coastline that supports the housing and tourism, and so this shows that around 30m of sediment has been saved using these coastal defences, however these defences will not survive forever, this needs to be remembered, more long term plans need to be put into place for the future.
The coastal management strategies at Sandsend, Whitby which had been put into action were recurved walls which can be seen on the image, groynes which were found the beach, rock armour that was found along the promenade and also gabions which were found of the cliff hills of the promenade to prevent mass movement such as slumping of the land, sea walls which helped to break waves and reduce their power. In addition there were other steel reinforced cliff walls near the old Allen factory where the waves dissipated their energy as they hit the cliff and the recurved concrete at the top prevented water coming over the edge; instead it was directed back out to sea. However, some of the coastal engineer which was not very successful was the wooden beach groynes as broken easily under the force, pressure and daily thrashing of waves especially in storms. Therefore they did not have a long life and needed to be replaced frequently. This was also the problem for the recurved wall on the image because the wooden walk way above got damaged by the waves so needed to be replaced regularly however it is more sustainable than an expensive steel walkway. Overall the majority of strategies were successful apart from a couple which has helped to protect local people and business of Sandsend by reducing the rate of erosion.
Rayan Patel 12RC
There were many different forms of coastal management in Sandsend, some more successful than others i have to say. Some of the more successful ones were strategies such as the recurved sea walls, slanted sea walls, rock armour and rip rap. Most of these were fairly successful as the mainly either absorbed or reflected the waves energy, in the cases where the waves energy was absorbed (rock armour) it was made out of granite which is an incredibly resistant rock, this means that even with constant battering by the North Sea it would take an age for them to be eroded completely. In all other cases of the strategies being successful they mainly reflected the waves energy back out to sea, like the recurved walls, these were specially designed to reflect energy and send it back out into the path of the next wave causing it to lose more energy and subsequently cause less damage. There were also some very unsuccessful coastal management strategies in Sandsend, these were things such as the wooden groynes and the straight sea walls. These were very unsuccessful for many reasons, firstly the wooden groynes, not only were they in many pieces, but they were not built well enough, yes they were built out of wood but from what we saw they seemed to be very small and thin which would not make them last very long against the power of the waves, and now they serve no purpose at all except as an eyesore to tourists and locals alike, also there was the straight sea walls, these absorbed the seas energy but they had no other form of protection infront of them, so the walkways and promenade were recieving direct attack from them, this means that they would not last very long and also that water is likely to splash over onto the walkways and this may not be greatly appreciated by people using it. So all in all there have been mixed success of the coastal management strategies implemented in Sandsend with the more key ones being unsuccessful and so this coastline may not last much longer until more investment is put into better coastal management strategies.
Matthew Priestley 12KK
At sandsend there were a number of coastal management strategies present, however some were old and no longer served the purpose they were there for. For example the groynes were old and rotted and no longer prevented longshore drift to the extent that they would have originaly done. Although some were not very successful others inlcuding the sea wall were effectively put in place and protected historic buildings such as the old railway station. In addition to this there was also the wooden walkway which was not successful in the fact that it is destroyed every time there is a massive storm surge bt it is more cost effective than building an expensive walkway that could withstand such storm surges. It is cheaper to keep replacing the wooden walkway than to put one in place that will last longer.
Lauren Fawthrop 12EJ
There have been many costal management strategies at Sandsend; some have been more successful than others. They initially put in a straight sea wall, this was unsuccessful as it did not refract the energy of the wave and just caused damage to the defense itself. To stop this from happening they have now replaced the straight sea walls with curved sea walls. This reflects the wave energy back into the sea and also helps the sea wall to absorb some of the energy instead of the cliff face. The curved sea walls were more successful and will last longer. They have also used rock amour to enhance the defense of the sea walls. The large granite boulders absorb a lot of the wave energy as they hit the cliff and will increase the life of the sea walls and protect fragile areas of cliff. They have also used groynes on the beaches to prevent long shore drift and sand moving down the coastline as a beach is the best natural defense. These were unsuccessful as they are made from wood and so have worn away quickly. These will need replacing more often as the sea constantly coming in and out has rotted and decayed the wood causing it to break. By placing groynes on this area on the beach it has prevented sand moving down the beach to other areas that also need protecting so it leaves part of the coastline undefended.
Rosie Barton 12EJ
At Sandsend they tried numerous strategies to help defend the coast from erosion. Groynes were built on the beach however not a lot of money was spent on these, as they were made out of wood which is the cheaper option. The groynes failed to make any real impact on the coast at Sandsend as the groynes have been attacked so much by the force of the waves. This has resulted in them breaking, and the waves crashing over them anyway. Straight seawalls is another strategy which has also failed. This is because instead of redirecting the energy from the waves, it absorbs them. This meant that the pressure applied on the seawall was greater, forcing it to break. Locals also didn't approve as much because they were not very nice looking. These strategies may have failed but Sandsend has also used other ways to try to reduce the rate of erosion such as rock armour and drainage systems.
Sarah Plumb 12SD
There have been different strategies used at Sandsend, these include using wooden groynes, these have not been very successful as they were very cheap and the water raises above the groynes and therefore causes them to break easily. Other coastal management strategies have been the use of rock armour, this has been successful as it protects the buildings behind and the rock armour absorbs the wave's energy.
Umisha Patel 12 KK
The coastal management strategies at Sandsend, Whitby which had been put into action were recurved walls which can be seen on the image, groynes which were found the beach, rock armour that was found along the promenade and also gabions which were found of the cliff hills of the promenade to prevent mass movement such as slumping of the land, sea walls which helped to break waves and reduce their power. In addition there were other steel reinforced cliff walls near the old Allen factory where the waves dissipated their energy as they hit the cliff and the recurved concrete at the top prevented water coming over the edge; instead it was directed back out to sea. However, some of the coastal engineer which was not very successful was the wooden beach groynes as broken easily under the force, pressure and daily thrashing of waves especially in storms. Therefore they did not have a long life and needed to be replaced frequently. This was also the problem for the recurved wall on the image because the wooden walk way above got damaged by the waves so needed to be replaced regularly however it is more sustainable than an expensive steel walkway. Overall the majority of strategies were successful apart from a couple which has helped to protect local people and business of Sandsend by reducing the rate of erosion.
Rayan Patel 12RC
The coastal management strategies at Sandsend, Whitby which had been put into action were recurved walls which can be seen on the image, groynes which were found the beach, rock armour that was found along the promenade and also gabions which were found of the cliff hills of the promenade to prevent mass movement such as slumping of the land, sea walls which helped to break waves and reduce their power. In addition there were other steel reinforced cliff walls near the old Allen factory where the waves dissipated their energy as they hit the cliff and the recurved concrete at the top prevented water coming over the edge; instead it was directed back out to sea. However, some of the coastal engineer which was not very successful was the wooden beach groynes as broken easily under the force, pressure and daily thrashing of waves especially in storms. Therefore they did not have a long life and needed to be replaced frequently. This was also the problem for the recurved wall on the image because the wooden walk way above got damaged by the waves so needed to be replaced regularly however it is more sustainable than an expensive steel walkway. Overall the majority of strategies were successful apart from a couple which has helped to protect local people and business of Sandsend by reducing the rate of erosion.
Rayan Patel 12RC
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