Y10 Geographers recently went on a field trip to Malham.
Malham is a village located in the Yorkshire Dales National Park.
In the morning, Y10 students carried out questionnaires , pedestrian counts and land use surveys in the village. They carried out river investigations in the afternoon.
Discuss: Using your field trip results, describe and explain how the river’s characteristics alter as the river moves downstream from the source to the mouth.
19 comments:
At the source of the river, the river width was 5.5m and downstream the river width was 7.2m, this showed us that the further down stream you go the wider the river gets. This is due to errosion of the rivers banks by the load carried by the river itself.
Upstream the river depth was 0.19 m and downstream the depth was 0.12m, this showed us that thne further downstream you go the flater the river gets.
Upstream the river's load was 18.4cm and downstream the rivers load was 11.2cm this showed us that further down stream you went the smaller the load was. This is due to the errosion of the load from each other and the water.
Upstream the time in seconds for a plastic conteainer to travel 10m was 13.34 seconds and downstream it was 11.21 seconds, this showed us that the further downstream you go the slower the water was traveling.
Rebekah Broady 10A
The river's characteristics changes as it moves downstream because it should first gets deeper beacuse in site A(upstream) in Malham the depth of the water was approximately 0.33m but as it moved downstream the river became shallower as the depth was approximately 0.06m.These results do not match our ideas because the river is supposed to get deeper near to the mouth due to erosion e.g. hydraulic pressure. This shows we may have made a mistake.
The width of the water was correct because it was wider at the mouth (7.2m) than at The Cove (0.04m). This is beacuse there is less erosion at the source. From my results the bedload diameter was on average 13.26cm which is more bigger than the bedload measurements near to the village as there it was 9.85cm. This is because the bedload gets eroded as it moves downstream which is correct. For the float measurements, In site A I got float time 12.4s because the gradient of the site is downhill and it is supposed to run faster. The float measurements near to the village was 35.43s. This is normal because the gradient is less steep and the water needs more energy for it to push load along. At the source the energy of the water is high so it can easily carry things along.
Tehreem Saleh 10W
At the source of the river the water is not very wide, at only about 5.5 m.While down stream the river is about 7.2m wide.The depth of the river is also not very deep at approxamatly 0.19m.While upstream the rivers depth is about 0.12.This happens because as the river travels it collects small stones. The small stones then rub against the sides and bed of the river, wearing it away.
The river contains many stones and rock of diffrent measurements. At the source some of the stones measure 18.5m. However futher up stream, the some of the stones measured 11.2m. This is because as the river travels, the water waers away at rocks. This makes the stones smoother and smaller.
Eleanor Barton 10W
The rivers characteristics alters as the river starts and when it ends in the mouth.
As the river starts the width of the source is 0.04m, the first reading for its depth is at 0.30m, however as you carry on going down the river and as you enter the village the river widens, it becomes strecthed and the reading for this is at 5.1m which means it has widend alot. The depth taken from the village is at 0.19m this is not alot, however as you move towards the centre of the river the reading increase the hightest we got was at 0.29m. Also the river moves more faster as you move down the river it begins to pick up speed.
Asif
The river’s characteristic’s change as you move downstream because near the source of the river which was near the cove the water width was 0.04m wide and as you moved downstream the water width was 7.2m wide. The river grows wider as you move downstream because the water erodes the banks. We tested this by dropping a float into the river and letting it flow downstream by 10m. The float was much slower downstream than it was upstream. This might have been because the width of the river was wider and so the water rushed down slower because the water has more to get through. It only took the float 9.9 seconds to flow 10 metres when we were upstream and it took the float 12.27 seconds to flow 10 metres when we were downstream.
Seher Mahmood 10y
In our river study we measured the river depth the diameter of the bed load and the speed of the stream we did the measurements at the source of the stream and also near the mouth to see if the characteristics changed as they should have done I was in group B and From our results it shows that the depth of the river got shallower towards the mouth however we thought it would get deeper as it got nearer the mouth as more erosion occurs near the mouth, but our results show different. Our results show that it was shallower at the mouth than it was near the source. The bed load measurements do show that the rocks got smaller the nearer to the mouth they got as they have been eroding as they have come from the source to the mouth and this is what we expected to happen as the rocks should get smaller as they come from the source to the mouth. We did a floating measurement to test the speed of the river and our results show that the speed of the river didn’t have a great deal of change from the source to the mouth however we would have expected it to be a lot faster at the mouth as it should have picked up speed as it came down the river. So I do not think this proves our hypothesis as there weren’t really distinct changes and they weren’t the changes we were expecting.
Katie Gawthorp 10c
Discuss: Using your field trip results, describe and explain how the river’s characteristics alter as the river moves downstream from the source to the mouth.
At the top of the river (upstream), next to Malham Cove, the river itself was 5.5m wide as it is only the beginning of the river and there isn't enough energy to make it any wider. Also at this point it is much deeper than it is in the village, with the deepest part being 0.33m deep, although in theory it should be deeper down stream. A reason for this is because there could of be lots more erosion up near the mouth of the river rather than downstream or we could of misread the readings. In our bedload measurements the average size for a stone is 13.26cm, this is because they had had less erosion on them to help smooth them down so they're much bigger. The river is also faster flowing upstream at the cove with it taking on average 12.4 seconds for our container to travel 10m.
Down stream is where the river changes as it is shallow compared to upstream with the fact that the deepest part being 0.095m deep, this does not follow the theory of it getting deeper as you go further down stream but the river does get wider to 7.2m wide, this is because as there is more lateral ersion down stream meaning the river will get wider.
Down stream the average bedload size is much smaller being 9.85cm, this follows the river theory, a reason for this is because there has been more erosion on the bedload meaning it is getting smaller and rounder the further you go downstream.
For our float test we also spaced out 10m, our average time was 11.18 seconds, faster than up stream, this happens because there is more water downstream than there is up stream meaning our container could be transported a lot faster.
In conclusion the river running through Malham increases in velocity but decreases in bedload measurement and depth as you go from the cove into the village.
The characteristics of a river would change from the source to the mouth. the river would get wider and deeper before reaching the mouth. when we went to malham, we investigated what changes would happen whilst the river goes downstream. at the start of the river the diameter of the stones were much smaller as they went along the river and the river got shallower along the way
hinay
The river’s characteristics of the river change from the source to the mouth. We measured the depth of the water across the river to see how deep it was and measured the diameter of 10 stones of the bed load and measured how long it took a float across a 10meter stretch of the river. We tested these at the source of the river and then at the mouth of the river to see if the characteristics changed.
We found out that the river gets shallower at the mouth of the river; however we know that the mouth of the river usually gets deeper because more erosion happens here. Our results show that the source of the river is deeper than the mouth. With the bed load it shows that the total average of 10 stones at the source o the river averaged 2.82cm. From my own knowledge I no that the bed load is larger Then at the mouth of the river the average of 10 stones was 7.44cm. From my own knowledge I know that the bed load is supposed to be small and smooth. Then from the float test I found out that at the source of the river the river was faster than the mouth of the river.
Alice Ahir :)
The river’s characteristics of the river change from the source to the mouth. We measured the depth of the water across the river to see how deep it was and measured the diameter of 10 stones of the bed load and measured how long it took a float across a 10meter stretch of the river. We tested these at the source of the river and then at the mouth of the river to see if the characteristics changed.
We found out that the river gets shallower at the mouth of the river; however we know that the mouth of the river usually gets deeper because more erosion happens here. Our results show that the source of the river is deeper than the mouth. With the bed load it shows that the total average of 10 stones at the source o the river averaged 2.82cm. From my own knowledge I no that the bed load is larger Then at the mouth of the river the average of 10 stones was 7.44cm. From my own knowledge I know that the bed load is supposed to be small and smooth. Then from the float test I found out that at the source of the river the river was faster than the mouth of the river.
Alice Ahir :)
The river gets wider as you get downstream, rather than upstream. The water shallower downstream 0.12 and upstream it is deeper 0.30m. Nearer the cove there was a variation of different sized rocks from 5.7 to 0.5 and near downstream we found that there were some bigger rocks from 19.5 to 1.4. The river float flowed faster nearer the cove of the river as it is meant to, and not near the village and downer stream.
In general, as a river moves from upstream to downstream it will get wider, be deeper, have a smaller paeticle size load and velocity becomes faster. If we apply this general rule in our case study of malham, the results whould be similar.
With water width, the genreal rule is the same. Upstream at malham cove, the river width is 5.5M and downstream, at the village of Malham,the river width was 7.2M. This is because of lateral erosion, as the water has less energy downstream instead of eroding downward, like what happens upstream, it erodes downwards, as this take less energy.
For water depth however, downstream the wriver depth become shallower than upstream. The average depth upstream was at
0.26M and the average depth downstream was 0.088, meaning that the river became 0.172M shallower. One reason to suggest this change could be that the measurements were worng, and wither the people taking the measurements were unclear with the answers they gave.
With particle load size, the genreal rule of rivers applied the same. With the average particle load size of 13.26cm being upstream and 9.85cm being tdownstream, meaning that the load particle size has shrunk. This is because as the load particles moves downstream in traction, it hits the river bed and this makes the load particle size smaller.
Velocity also follows the general rule of rivers as it goes downstream. With the average speed of the stream whilst it was in upstream was 12.4s and the average velocity of the river and downstream it was 11.81s it shows that the river has has become
0.59s faster. As the river going downstream get wider it means that the majority of the water is no in contact with the river sides, meaning that there is less friction, so the speed picks up.
Using your field trip results, describe and explain how the river’s characteristics alter as the river moves downstream from the source to the mouth.
As the river moves downstream the characteristics of it change. Our class went to Malham to investigate the changes of the river at differen points of it. When the river starts the depth of the water is o.3m and the width of river is 0.4. The rivers width tends to get narrower as you move downstream and the depth gets shallower
The characteristics of a river alter from the source to the mouth. Normally the river gets wide, deeper and faster as they approach the mouth. We went to Malham to investigate the changes that occur when the river moves from the source to the mouth. We measured the depth, the diameter of 10 stones from the bed load and how fast the river is,
We tested the river firstly up stream, and then we tested downstream to see the difference between them both.
We found that it got shallower as it approached the mouth however usually the river gets deeper as it approaches the mouth because more erosion takes place. Our results contradict the normal characteristics also because the bed load we tested the average came out at 2.82 cm at the source and 7.44cm at the mouth. Normally you would expect the load to become smaller but in this case its not.
Finally the speed of the river for 10 metres was a bit slower at the source than the mouth which is expected normally from a river
trisha parsotam 10x
Well, the source of the mouth (The cove) is upstream and as a goes downstream (The village). As it goes from upstream to downstream, the river flows faster.
I can prove this from the results that we collected, the results show that the low flow measurements are higher from the cove at point A and the village at point B. for example: the 3rd water depth in metres is 0.12m at point A at the cove but at point b the village, the measurement is 0.095, this shows the energy that the source collects
Jack Medley 10b
The results from the malham show us the the source of the mouth (The cove) is upstream and goes downstream to the village.
As it goes downstream, the water depth was smaller downstream than it was upstream
For example; At point A at the cove the 1st water depth measurement was 0.30m and at the village at point B, the measurement is 0.12m which shows that there is more energy at the source of the river than the mouth
Jack Medley 10B
As the river moves from the source to the mouth the width of the river gets wider and the flow of the water is slower which isn’t normal because on most rivers the flow should be fast at the lower course. The stones in the river are rounder and smoother nearer the mouth because they have been eroded away as they have travelled from the source to the mouth. The water is the shallowest near its source and it gets deeper at the mouth because more tributary have joined the river to fill it with water.
Sidra Zia
As the river moves downstream from the source to the mouth the water depth starts to increase. The 1st water depth was 0.19m; the last one which was the 5th was 0.2. By looking at these results it showed us that it had increased.
As the river moves downstream the depth of water starts to get deeper and wider.
Ammarah Azam 10c
the river starts at the top and at the top it is very thin and very shallow also the water doesnt move fast it is very slow. further down stream the river starts to become faster and wider and deeper this is because the river has more energy so it can start to erode the sides and the bottom of the river.
chris jerome
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